Background
Different species of plants react to stresses in different ways. For example, grasslands are quite sensitive to drought. Droughts occur at varying frequencies and varying levels of severity. Numerous observations suggest that the number of different species present plays a role in how a plant community adapts when exposed to cycles of drought over successive generations. In some communities with only one species of plant, the generations that follow are not as well adapted to drought conditions as the individual plants in communities with four or more species. These observations raise many questions. For example, what is the minimal number of species necessary for a plant community to benefit from this type of localized biodiversity? How does this phenomenon scale as the number of species increases? What does this imply for the long term survivability of a plant community?
Requirement
Considering the relationship of drought adaptability with respect to the number of species in a plant community, your task is to explore and better understand this phenomenon. Specifically, you should:
Your PDF solution of no more than 25 total pages should include:
Note: The MCM Contest has a 25-page limit. All aspects of your submission count toward the 25-page limit (Summary Sheet, Table of Contents, Report, Reference List, and any Appendices). You must cite the sources for your ideas, images, and any other materials used in your report.
Glossary
Biodiversity: The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
不同种类的植物对压力有不同的反应。例如,草地对干旱相当敏感。干旱发生的频率和严重程度各不相同。大量观察结果表明,不同物种的数量对植物群落在连续几代人的干旱周期中的适应能力有影响。在一些只有一种植物的群落中,后代对干旱条件的适应能力不如有四种或更多物种的群落中的单株植物。这些观察结果提出了许多问题。例如,植物群落从这种局部生物多样性中获益所需的最低物种数量是多少?这种现象如何随着物种数量的增加而扩大?这对植物群落的长期生存能力意味着什么?
要求
考虑到干旱适应性与植物群落中物种数量的关系,您的任务是探索并更好地理解这一现象。具体来说,你应该
您的 PDF 解决方案总页数不超过 25 页,其中应包括
注意:MCM 竞赛的页数限制为 25 页。您提交的所有内容(摘要表、目录、报告、参考资料清单和任何附录)都将计入 25 页的限制内。您必须注明报告中使用的创意、图片和任何其他材料的来源。
术语表
生物多样性: 世界上或某一特定栖息地或生态系统中生命的多样性。
Background
Kenya’s wildlife preserves were originally created primarily to protect wildlife and other natural resources. Kenya’s parliament passed the Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013 to provide more equitable sharing of resources, as well as to allow alternative, community-based management efforts[1]. Kenya has since added amendments to address gaps in the legislation to provide more clear governance, finance, and penalties for violators[2].
Requirement
Focusing on one large game preserve, the Maasai Mara, your task is to determine alternate ways to manage the resources within and outside the current boundaries of the park. Specifically, you should:
Finally, provide a two-page non-technical report for the Kenyan Tourism and Wildlife Committee discussing your proposed plan and its value for the preserve.
Your PDF solution of no more than 25 total pages should include:
Note: The MCM Contest has a 25-page limit. All aspects of your submission count toward the 25-page limit (Summary Sheet, Table of Contents, Report, Non-Technical Report, Reference List, and any Appendices). You must cite the sources for your ideas, images, and any other materials used in your report.
References
[1] The Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013. Republic of Kenya, Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 181 (Acts No. 47), 2013.
[2] The Wildlife Conservation and Management Act (No. 47 of 2013). Legal Notice No. 155. Republic of Kenya, Kenya Gazette Supplement No 141 (Acts No. 47), 2020.
背景介绍
肯尼亚建立野生动物保护区的初衷主要是为了保护野生动物和其他自然资源。肯尼亚议会于 2013 年通过了《野生动物保护和管理法》,以提供更公平的资源共享,并允许以社区为基础的替代性管理工作[1]。此后,肯尼亚又增加了修正案,以弥补立法中的不足,提供更明确的治理、资金和对违规者的处罚[2]。
要求
以一个大型野生动物保护区 Maasai Mara 为重点,您的任务是确定管理公园现有边界内外资源的替代方法。具体来说,您应该
您的 PDF 解决方案总页数不超过 25 页,其中应包括
注意:MCM 竞赛的页数限制为 25 页。您提交的所有内容(摘要表、目录、报告、非技术性报告、参考资料清单和任何附录)均计入 25 页的限制内。您必须注明报告中使用的观点、图片和任何其他材料的来源。
参考文献
[1] 2013 年《野生动物保护和管理法》。肯尼亚共和国,《肯尼亚公报》第 181 号补编(第 47 号法案),2013 年。
[2] 《野生动物保护和管理法》(2013 年第 47 号)。第 155 号法律公告。肯尼亚共和国,肯尼亚公报补编第 141 号(第 47 号法案),2020 年。
Background
Wordle is a popular puzzle currently offered daily by the New York Times. Players try to solve the puzzle by guessing a five-letter word in six tries or less, receiving feedback with every guess. For this version, each guess must be an actual word in English. Guesses that are not recognized as words by the contest are not allowed. Wordle continues to grow in popularity and versions of the game are now available in over 60 languages.
The New York Times website directions for Wordle state that the color of the tiles will change after you submit your word. A yellow tile indicates the letter in that tile is in the word, but it is in the wrong location. A green tile indicates that the letter in that tile is in the word and is in the correct location. A gray tile indicates that the letter in that tile is not included in the word at all (see Attachment 2) [2]. Figure 1 is an example solution where the correct result was found in three tries.
Players can play in regular mode or “Hard Mode.” Wordle’s Hard Mode makes the game more difficult by requiring that once a player has found a correct letter in a word (the tile is yellow or green), those letters must be used in subsequent guesses. The example in Figure 1 was played in Hard Mode.
Many (but not all) users report their scores on Twitter. For this problem, MCM has generated a file of daily results for January 7, 2022 through December 31, 2022 (see Attachment 1). This file includes the date, contest number, word of the day, the number of people reporting scores that day, the number of players on hard mode, and the percentage that guessed the word in one try, two tries, three tries, four tries, five tries, six tries, or could not solve the puzzle (indicated by X). For example, in Figure 2 the word on July 20, 2022 was “TRITE” and the results were obtained by mining Twitter. Although the percentages in Figure 2 sum to 100%, in some cases this may not be true due to rounding.
Requirement
You have been asked by the New York Times to do an analysis of the results in this file to answer several questions.
Finally, summarize your results in a one- to two-page letter to the Puzzle Editor of the New York Times.
Your PDF solution of no more than 25 total pages should include:
Note: The MCM Contest has a 25-page limit. All aspects of your submission count toward the 25-page limit (Summary Sheet, Table of Contents, Report, Reference List, and any Appendices). You must cite the sources for your ideas, images, and any other materials used in your report.
Attachments
1. Data File. Problem C Data Wordle.xlsx
THE ATTACHED DATA FILE CONTAINS THE ONLY DATA YOU SHOULD USE FOR THIS PROBLEM. All information needed for this problem is given in the problem statement and the data file. You do not need to visit the New York Times website nor Twitter website. There is no additional information to be found on these sites.
Data File Entry Descriptions
Date: The date in mm-dd-yyyy (month-day-year) format of a given Wordle puzzle.
Contest number: An index of the Wordle puzzles, beginning with 202 on January 7, 2022.
Word: The solution word players are trying to guess on the associated date and contest number.
Number of reported results: The total number scores that were recorded on Twitter that day.
Number in hard mode: The number of scores on Hard mode recorded on Twitter that day.
1 try: The percentage of players solving the puzzle in one guess.
2 tries: The percentage of players solving the puzzle in two guesses.
3 tries: The percentage of players solving the puzzle in three guesses.
4 tries: The percentage of players solving the puzzle in four guesses.
5 tries: The percentage of players solving the puzzle in five guesses.
6 tries: The percentage of players solving the puzzle in six guesses.
7 or more tries (X): The percentage of players that could not solve the puzzle in six or fewer tries. Note: the percentages may not always sum to 100% due to rounding
2. Directions of Wordle posted to the New York Times website.[2]
Glossary
New York Times: A daily newspaper based in New York City, New York, USA published in print and online.
Twitter: A social networking site that allows users to broadcast short posts of no more than 280 characters (increased from initial 140 characters).
Solve (the Wordle puzzle): Enter the correct letters in the correct order to form the Wordle word of the day.
References
Note: We provide the following citations to support the Problem Statement. We have pulled the important ideas from these resources. There is no additional information on these websites needed to solve this MCM problem. Access to the New York Times or Twitter website is not required to solve this problem.
[1] Wordle logo from The New York Times website. Accessed on December 13, 2022 at https://nytco-assets.nytimes.com/2022/08/cropped-Screen-Shot-2022-08-24-at-8.49.39-AM.png.
[2] “Wordle-The New York Times.” The New York Times, 2022. Accessed December 13, 2022 at https://www.nytimes.com/games/wordle/index.html.
[3] “Wordle-The New York Times.” The New York Times, July 21, 2022.
[4] “Wordle Stats.” Twitter, July 20, 2022.
背景介绍
Wordle是《纽约时报》目前每天推出的一款流行谜题。玩家需要在六次或更短的时间内猜出一个五个字母的单词,并在每次猜词时收到反馈信息。在这个版本中,每次猜测都必须是一个真实的英语单词。比赛不允许猜测未被识别为单词的词。Wordle 越来越受欢迎,现在有 60 多种语言版本。
纽约时报》网站的 Wordle 使用说明指出,在您提交单词后,磁贴的颜色会发生变化。黄色字块表示该字块中的字母出现在单词中,但位置不对。绿色字块表示该字块中的字母出现在单词中,并且位置正确。灰色字块表示该字块中的字母根本不在单词中(见附录 2)[2]。图 1 是一个解法示例,玩家通过三次尝试找到了正确结果。
玩家可以在常规模式或 "困难模式 "下进行游戏。Wordle 的 "困难模式 "增加了游戏的难度,要求玩家一旦在单词中找到正确的字母(瓦片为黄色或绿色),就必须在随后的猜测中使用这些字母。图 1 中的例子就是在 "困难模式 "下进行的。
许多(但不是全部)用户会在 Twitter 上报告他们的分数。针对这一问题,MCM 生成了 2022 年 1 月 7 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日的每日结果文件(见附件 1)。该文件包括日期、竞赛编号、当日单词、当日报告分数的人数、进入困难模式的玩家人数,以及一次、两次、三次、四次、五次、六次猜中单词或无法解题(用 X 表示)的玩家比例。例如,图 2 中 2022 年 7 月 20 日的单词是 "TRITE",结果是通过挖掘 Twitter 获得的。虽然图 2 中的百分比总和为 100%,但在某些情况下,由于四舍五入的原因,可能与实际情况不符。
要求
纽约时报》要求你对该文件中的结果进行分析,以回答几个问题。
您的 PDF 解决方案总页数不超过 25 页,其中应包括
注意:MCM 竞赛的页数限制为 25 页。您提交的所有内容(摘要表、目录、报告、参考资料清单和任何附录)都将计入 25 页的限制内。您必须注明报告中使用的观点、图片和任何其他材料的来源。
附件
问题_C_Data_Wordle.xlsx所附数据文件包含本问题应使用的唯一数据。问题说明和数据文件中提供了本问题所需的所有信息。您无需访问《纽约时报》网站或 Twitter 网站。在这些网站上找不到任何其他信息。
数据文件输入说明
日期: 某个 Wordle谜题的日期(月-日-年)。
比赛编号: Wordle谜题的索引,从2022年1月7日的202开始。
单词 玩家在相关日期和比赛编号下尝试猜测的谜题单词。
报告结果数: 当天 Twitter 上记录的分数总数。
困难模式人数: 当天 Twitter 上记录的困难模式下的分数数。
1次尝试: 一次猜谜成功率。
2 次: 猜两次就能解开谜题的玩家比例。
3次 玩家三次猜中谜题的百分比。
4次 玩家在四次猜谜中解开谜题的百分比。
5次 玩家在五次猜谜中解开谜题的百分比。
6次 玩家在六次猜谜中解开谜题的百分比。
尝试 7 次或更多次 (X): 在六次或更少的尝试中无法解开谜题的玩家百分比。注意:由于四舍五入的原因,百分比的总和不一定是 100%。
词汇表
纽约时报: 总部位于美国纽约州纽约市的日报,以印刷版和网络版出版。
Twitter:推特: 一个社交网站,允许用户发布不超过 280 个字符的短文(从最初的 140 个字符增加到现在的 280 个字符)。
解谜(Wordle谜题): 按照正确的顺序输入正确的字母,组成当日的 Wordle 单词。
参考资料
注:我们提供了以下引文来支持问题陈述。我们从这些资源中提取了重要的观点。在这些网站上没有解决本 MCM 问题所需的其他信息。解决这个问题不需要访问《纽约时报》或 Twitter 网站。
[1] Wordle 标识来自《纽约时报》网站。访问日期:2022 年 12 月 13 日,网址:https://nytco-assets.nytimes.com/2022/08/cropped-Screen-Shot-2022-08-24-at-8.49.39-AM.png。
[2] "Wordle-纽约时报"。纽约时报》,2022 年。访问日期:2022 年 12 月 13 日,网址:https://www.nytimes.com/games/wordle/index.html。
[3] "Wordle-纽约时报"。纽约时报》,2022 年 7 月 21 日。
[4] "Wordle Stats"。Twitter,2022 年 7 月 20 日。
Background
The United Nations (UN) has set 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Achieving these goals would ultimately lead to an improved life for many people around the world. These goals are not independent of each other. So, often positive gains in some goals have an impact (positive or negative and sometimes both) on other goals. This interconnectedness makes the achievement of all goals a fluid process where funding limitations and other national and international priorities may take precedence. Additionally, the impact of technological advances, global pandemics, climate change, regional wars, and refugee movements have had serious implications on many of the goals.
Requirement
To explore the relationships between the goals:
UN Sustainable Development Goals[1]
GOAL 1: No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal
Your PDF solution of no more than 25 total pages should include:
Note: The ICM has a 25-page limit. All aspects of your submission count toward the 25-page limit (Summary Sheet, Table of Contents, Reference List, and any Appendices). You must cite the sources for your ideas, images, and any other materials used in your report.
Glossary
United Nations (UN) - The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Global Goals are a collection of 17 interlinked objectives designed to serve as a “shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet now and into the future”.
References
[1] Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. UN General Assembly, A/RES/70/1, 2015
目标背景
联合国(UN)制定了 17 项可持续发展目标(SDGs)。实现这些目标将最终改善世界各地许多人的生活。这些目标并不是相互独立的。因此,某些目标的积极成果往往会对其他目标产生影响(积极或消极影响,有时两者兼而有之)。这种相互关联性使得所有目标的实现都是一个多变的过程,在这个过程中,资金限制和其他国家和国际优先事项可能会优先考虑。此外,技术进步、全球流行病、气候变化、地区战争和难民流动的影响也对许多目标产生了严重影响。
要求
探讨各项目标之间的关系:
联合国可持续发展目标[1]
目标 1:消除贫困
目标 2:零饥饿
目标 3:良好的健康和福祉
目标 4:优质教育
目标 5:性别平等
目标 6:清洁水和卫生设施
目标 7:负担得起的清洁能源
目标 8:体面工作和经济增长
目标 9:工业、创新和基础设施
目标 10:减少不平等现象
目标 11:可持续的城市和社区
目标 12:负责任的消费和生产
目标 13:气候行动
目标 14:水下生命 目标 15:陆上生命
目标 16:和平与正义 强大的机构
目标 17:实现目标的伙伴关系
您的 PDF 解决方案总页数不超过 25 页,其中应包括
注:ICM 的页数限制为 25 页。您提交的所有内容(摘要表、目录、参考资料清单和任何附录)都将计入 25 页的限制内。您必须注明您的想法、图片和报告中使用的任何其他材料的来源。
术语表
联合国(UN)--联合国(UN)是一个政府间组织,其宗旨是维护国际和平与安全,发展国家间友好关系,实现国际合作,并成为协调各国行动的中心。
可持续发展目标(SDGs)--可持续发展目标(SDGs)或全球目标由 17 个相互关联的目标组成,旨在成为 "现在和将来为人类和地球实现和平与繁荣的共同蓝图"。
参考文献
[1] 改造我们的世界: 2030 年可持续发展议程》。联合国大会,A/RES/70/1,2015 年
Background
Light pollution is used to describe any excessive or poor use of artificial light. Some of the phenomena that we refer to as light pollution include light trespass, over-illumination, and light clutter. These phenomena are most easily observed as a glow in the sky after the sun has set in large cities; however, they may also occur in more remote regions.
Light pollution alters our view of the night sky, has environmental impacts and affects our health and safety. For example, plant maturation may be delayed or accelerated, and migration patterns of wildlife affected. Excessive artificial light may confuse our circadian rhythms, leading to poor sleep quality and perhaps physical and mental health issues. Glare caused by artificial lights may contribute to some motor vehicle accidents.
Community officials or local groups may implement intervention strategies to mitigate the negative effects of light pollution. Artificial light, however, has both positive and negative effects that impact different locations in different ways. For example, to avoid the negative impacts of light pollution listed above, some communities opt for low-light neighborhoods which in turn might lead to increased crime. The impacts of light pollution may depend on factors such as the location’s level of development, population, biodiversity, geography, and climate. Therefore, assessing the extent of the effects and the potential impacts of any intervention strategies must be tailored to a specific location.
Requirement
COMAP’s Illumination Control Mission (ICM) is working to promote awareness of the impacts of light pollution and develop intervention strategies to mitigate those impacts. In support of this ICM work, your task is to address measuring and mitigating the effects of light pollution in various locations, incorporating both human and non-human concerns. Specifically, you should:
Your PDF solution of no more than 25 total pages should include:
Note: The ICM Contest has a 25-page limit. All aspects of your submission count toward the 25-page limit (Summary Sheet, Table of Contents, Report, One-page promotion flyer, Reference List, and any Appendices). You must cite the sources for your ideas, images, and any other materials used in your report.
Glossary
Artificial Light: Any non-naturally occurring source of light.
Circadian Rhythms: The natural 24-hour sleep-wake cycle on which humans and other organisms operate.
Glare: Excessive brightness that decreases one’s ability to see.
Intervention Strategies: Policies and/or actions that could be taken to disrupt the negative impacts of light pollution.
Light Clutter: Excessive grouping of lights.
Light Trespass: When light enters unintended areas.
Over-Illumination: Lighting at an intensity higher than what is needed for an activity or location.
Protected Land: Areas that governments or private entities protect from development due to their ecological, cultural, and/or natural importance.
Rural Community: A community located in one of the least densely populated parts of a country or region, and not easily accessible from an urban community.
Suburban Community: A community located in a moderately densely populated part of a country or region, or easily accessible from an urban community.
Urban Community: A community located in one of the most densely populated parts of a country or region.
背景介绍
光污染是指任何过度或不当使用人造光的现象。我们所说的光污染现象包括光侵入、过度照明和光杂乱。在大城市中,这些现象最容易被观察到,即太阳落山后天空中的霞光;不过,它们也可能出现在更偏远的地区。
光污染会改变我们对夜空的看法,对环境造成影响,并影响我们的健康和安全。例如,植物的成熟可能会推迟或加快,野生动物的迁徙模式也会受到影响。过多的人造光可能会扰乱我们的昼夜节律,导致睡眠质量下降,并可能引发身心健康问题。人造光造成的眩光可能会导致一些机动车事故。
社区官员或地方团体可以实施干预策略,以减轻光污染的负面影响。然而,人造光既有正面影响,也有负面影响,对不同地点的影响也不尽相同。例如,为了避免上述光污染的负面影响,一些社区会选择低光照社区,这反过来可能会导致犯罪率上升。光污染的影响可能取决于当地的发展水平、人口、生物多样性、地理和气候等因素。因此,在评估光污染的影响程度和任何干预策略的潜在影响时,必须根据具体地点的具体情况进行。
要求
中国大洋协会的照明控制任务(ICM)正在努力提高人们对光污染影响的认识,并制定干预战略来减轻这些影响。为了支持 ICM 的工作,您的任务是测量和减轻不同地点的光污染影响,同时考虑到人类和非人类的关切。具体来说,您应该
您的 PDF 解决方案总页数不超过 25 页,其中应包括
注意:ICM 竞赛的页数限制为 25 页。您提交的所有内容(摘要表、目录、报告、一页宣传单、参考资料清单和任何附录)均计入 25 页的限制范围。您必须注明报告中使用的创意、图片和任何其他材料的来源。
术语表
人造光: 任何非自然产生的光源。
昼夜节律: 人类和其他生物 24 小时的自然睡眠-觉醒周期。
眩光: 降低人的视觉能力的过度亮度。
干预策略: 可用于消除光污染负面影响的政策和/或行动。
光线杂乱: 灯光过度聚集。
光线侵入: 光线进入非预期区域。
过度照明: 照明强度超过某项活动或某个地点的需要。
保护地: 政府或私人实体因其生态、文化和/或自然重要性而保护其免受开发的区域。
农村社区: 位于一个国家或地区人口密度最低地区的社区,与城市社区交通不便。
郊区社区: 位于一个国家或地区人口密度适中地区的社区,或与城市社区交通便利的社区。
城市社区: 位于一个国家或地区人口最稠密地区的社区。
Background
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is arguably one of the most well-known and commonly used measures of the health of a nation's economy. It is often used in determining the purchasing power and access to loans for a country, providing motivation for nations to propose policies and projects that boost their GDPs. GDP “measures the monetary value of final goods and services produced in a country in a given time period; it counts all of the output generated within the borders of a country.”[1] This approach to calculating such an important and often quoted measure favors production today without any consideration about conserving resources for tomorrow. For example, a nation with rich forests could boost its current GDP by clear-cutting the trees and producing large amounts of wooden furniture. This nation could do so without penalty despite the loss of biodiversity and other negative environmental consequences. Similarly, a nation can boost its GDP by harvesting more fish now, without penalty for potentially irreversible harm to the fish stocks.
Because GDP fails to give credit for natural resources, perhaps it is not a good measure of the true economic health of a nation. If nations change the ways they evaluate and compare their economies, national governments may change their behaviors, promoting policies and projects that are better for the environmental health of the planet. Could a “Green” GDP (GGDP), where “Green” refers to the inclusion of environmental and sustainability perspectives and factors, be a better measure than the current conventional GDP?
Multilateral changes are extremely challenging. Convincing nations to agree to this new GGDP over the conventional GDP as the primary measure of economic health would likely be very difficult. However, if making the shift initiates a global movement of national climate efforts that makes significant progress towards climate crisis mitigation, then perhaps it is worth the fight.
Requirement
Your task is to consider the world recognizing GGDP as the primary measure of the health of a nation's economy. What changes should we expect? What would the environmental impact of those changes be? Specifically, your team should:
Your PDF solution of no more than 25 total pages should include:
Note: The ICM Contest has a 25-page limit. All aspects of your submission count toward the 25- page limit (Summary Sheet, Table of Contents, Non-technical Report, Solution, Reference List, and any Appendices). You must cite the sources for your ideas, images, and any other materials used in your report.
Glossary
Multilateral: Having contributors, supporters, or participants from several groups, especially several different nations.
References
[1] Callan, T. (2023). Gross Domestic Product: An Economy’s All. International Monetary Fund, Economics Concepts Explained.
背景介绍
国内生产总值(GDP)可以说是衡量一个国家经济健康状况的最著名、最常用的指标之一。它通常用于确定一个国家的购买力和获得贷款的机会,为各国提出提高国内生产总值的政策和项目提供动力。国内生产总值 "衡量的是一个国家在特定时期内生产的最终产品和服务的货币价值;它计算的是一个国家境内产生的所有产出。"[1] 这种计算方法如此重要,而且经常被引用,它偏向于今天的生产,而不考虑为明天保护资源。例如,一个拥有丰富森林资源的国家可以通过砍伐树木和生产大量木制家具来提高当前的国内生产总值。尽管会造成生物多样性的丧失和其他负面的环境后果,但这个国家这样做却不会受到惩罚。同样,一个国家可以通过现在捕捞更多的鱼来提高其 GDP,而不会因为鱼类资源可能遭受不可逆转的损害而受到惩罚。
由于 GDP 没有考虑自然资源的因素,也许它并不能很好地衡量一个国家真正的经济健康状况。如果各国改变其评估和比较本国经济的方式,各国政府可能会改变其行为,推广更有利于地球环境健康的政策和项目。绿色 "国内生产总值(GGDP),其中 "绿色 "指的是包含环境和可持续发展的观点和因素,能否成为比当前传统国内生产总值更好的衡量标准?
多边变革极具挑战性。说服各国同意将新的 GGDP 取代传统的 GDP 作为衡量经济健康状况的主要标准可能会非常困难。然而,如果这一转变能够发起一场全球国家气候努力运动,在缓解气候危机方面取得重大进展,那么也许值得一搏。
要求
你的任务是考虑世界承认 GGDP 为衡量国家经济健康状况的主要标准。我们应该期待哪些变化?这些变化会对环境产生什么影响?具体来说,你们的团队应该
您的 PDF 解决方案总页数不超过 25 页,其中应包括
注意:ICM 竞赛的页数限制为 25 页。您提交的所有内容(摘要表、目录、非技术性报告、解决方案、参考资料清单和任何附录)均计入 25 页的限制内。您必须注明您的想法、图片和报告中使用的任何其他材料的来源。
术语表
多边: 有来自多个团体,特别是多个不同国家的贡献者、支持者或参与者。
参考文献
[1] Callan, T. (2023). Gross Domestic Product: An Economy's All. 国际货币基金组织,《经济学概念解释》。